Freedom Versus Predestination a Comparative Analysis Essay

Freedom versus Predestination: A Comparative Analysis Shane Furlong Humanities 4640 April 14, 2013 (Week 5) Freedom versus Predestination: A Comparative Analysis This week’s essay is a comparative analysis of the theories of freedom (indeterminism) and predestination (religious determinism). Our analysis will attempt to prove the superiority of the theory of freedom over the theory of predestination. First, we will examine the theory of predestination as it is explained in the text â€Å"Ethics: Theory and Practice† (Thiroux amp; Krasemann, 2012). The organization of the text lends itself to our analysis since it highlights differences between the two theories in its defining process. We will illustrate the theory of†¦show more content†¦The theory further goes on to claim that this is an accurate depiction of the three major Western religions. For an example of the theory of predestination, we will look at the life of Judas Iscariot as portrayed in the Christian Bible. According to the theory of predestination, from the day Judas was born, he destined for hell . Judas was born for the sole purpose of betraying Jesus Christ. He had no choice in the matter. After betraying Jesus, Judas went off and hanged himself. It was his destiny to be damned for all time. While I was with them, I kept them in your name, which you have given me. I have guarded them, and not one of them has been lost except the son of destruction, that the Scripture might be fulfilled (Bible, John 17:12). It is my contention that predestination is not an accurate representation of the three major religions. For the sake of brevity, we will look at only one of the three major Western religions, Christianity. I will use the defining text of Christianity, the Bible, as my reference. One of Jesus’s disciples, Simon Peter, also betrayed Jesus on the night of his arrest. Although, Peter declared that he would never desert Jesus, he in fact denied knowing Jesus three times before the sun came up for the next day. According to the tenets of predestination, Peter, like Judas, was not a good person. He was not faithful to Jesus. In predestination there is no room for rehabilitation. We are either bornShow MoreRelatedInstitution as the Fundamental Cause of Long Tern Growth39832 Words   |  160 Pagesof scale, education, capital accumulation etc.) are not causes of growth; they are growth† (italics in original). Factor accumulation and innovation are only proximate causes of growth. In North and Thomas’s view, the fundamental explanation of comparative growth is diï ¬â‚¬erences in institutions. What are institutions exactly? North (1990, p. 3) oï ¬â‚¬ers the following deï ¬ nition: â€Å"Institutions are the rules of the game in a society or, more formally, are the humanly devised constraints that shape human interactionRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesLine 58 Understanding and Appreciating Individual Differences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making and Values 72 Cognitive Style 74 Attitudes Toward Change 76 Core Self-Evaluation 79 SKILL ANALYSIS 84 Cases Involving Self-Awareness 84 Communist Prison Camp 84 Computerized Exam 85 De cision Dilemmas 86 SKILL PRACTICE 89 Exercises for Improving Self-Awareness Through Self-Disclosure 89 Through the Looking Glass 89 Diagnosing Managerial Characteristics

Objective of Punishment Free Essays

Objectives of Punishment There have been many rules throughout history some choose to follow those rules and some choose to break the rules. The big question is the product to those who should break the rules. There was a day when parents could spank their children freely and accepted as simply normal. We will write a custom essay sample on Objective of Punishment or any similar topic only for you Order Now As the years went on, society started to see how people would take it too far. Therefore, laws had to change. It is the same within today’s prison system. Individuals are in prison because they broke the rules and would have to serve their time. Some go to federal prison and some go to state prisons. It depends on the type of crime that a person commits; because these prisons harbor different types of criminals they also have different guidelines to follow in terms to punishing the inmates. How does sending one person to state or one person to federal prison affect the correctional system altogether? The State of California’s main goal of sentencing is to match the community sanctions with the offender. The types of community sanctions include: Criminal offenders who benefit from prevention services and are at risk of committing more crimes include: juvenile offenders with learning difficulties, high school dropouts, and urban youth gang members. Prevention services may include activities such as special education programs, and big brother programs. Criminal offenders who have received and benefited from these early intervention services are mostly first time offenders. Early intervention programs can significantly decrease the offender’s chances for committing crimes in the future. Offenders need substance abuse and alcohol counseling-related services, work skill development, and education, (Nieto, 1996). Offenders eligible for these programs are people in prison who can divert to alternative services and programs. The convicted offenders can be a second time or even a third time offenders who failed probation and even convicted of several of nonviolent offenses. California’s â€Å"three strike’s law,† can result in convicted felon sentenced to prison for life if the convicted offenders first two felonies were violent crimes and the third felony committed by the repeat offender is also a violent crime, (Nieto, 1996). The main goal of these sentencing guidelines is to put the targeted offenders with appropriate community sanctions. However, there are some differences and variations in the California sentencing guidelines, which include the punishment by the nature of crime committed, frequency, and severity. A good example took place in Michigan. If an offender is arrested for burglary, which is a class ‘C’ felony in the state of Michigan, and a previous drug arrest, which are also a class C crime. The Michigan sentencing guideline rates provide sentencing options from alternative community corrections to a two-year prison sentence, (Nieto, 1996). The community correction’s alternative gives the judge the option of sentencing the criminal offender to a community-based and secured substance abuse treatment program for a period of six months. Upon successful completion of the treatment program, the offender must complete a probationary period. The discretion of the judge comes from a vast array of options. However, if an offender is found guilty of a serious felony and has prior nonviolent felony, sentencing guidelines provide community corrections and alternatives are not authorized and a minimum two-year prison sentence may be requisite, (Nieto, 1996). Until 1975, the federal bureau of prisons operated under the principles of the medical model of managing inmates. The medical model entailed educational, vocational, and treatment programs that attempted to transform criminal behavior into a positive and productive behaviors that would benefit society. The medical model utilized the federal inmate classification system to manage the inmate population and promote individualized treatment, (Miller, 2011). By 1975, the federal bureau of prisons had a much greater inmate population than it had several decades earlier during its inception, and they adopted the balanced model to manage those inmates. The balanced model no longer promoted individualized treatment. The balanced model was a composite model that focused on a combination of the principles of rehabilitation, deterrence, retribution, and incapacitation, (Miller, 2011). Several other major changes over the last few decades have affected the sentencing of those convicted of violating federal laws. The U. S. Sentencing Commission of 985 limited the use of probation for federal offenses, particularly for drug offenses and violent crimes. The Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 limited the amount of time the prisoners could reduce from their sentences for good behavior. This new law mandated that federal prisoners must serve a minimum of 85% of their sentence. The Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 also abolished the use of parole for federal p risoners, (Miller, 2011). Federal prisons manage their inmates within the guidelines of a Prisoners Bill of Rights. The prisoner’s rights include clean and decent living environments. Prisoners also have the rights to develop and maintain skills as a productive worker and have the rights to maintain and reinforce family and community ties, (Miller, 2011). The adoption of prisoner rights has helped the federal prisons avoid much of the legal turmoil that has embroiled the state prison systems. Most of the United States economist believed that in today’s times, the USA experiences the most drastic crisis in decades. All states in the United States report about significant budget shortfalls. As the results, the state governments significantly have to reduce their spending for correctional system. For the last two decades of the 20th Century, the spending for state and federal penitentiaries increased 600% because of the growth of measured requiring economic expenditures, for example, mandatory minimum sentences, truth in sentencing laws and three-strike legislation, (Carlson, 2008). Although economic trends started affecting the consideration of sentencing policy, the public attitude toward crimes has greatly changed. Polls show that more people think that it is necessary to address the root causes of crimes and less support the use of strict measures toward criminals. The attitude toward mandatory sentencing also underwent a change. The pool conducted in 2005 showed that 38% think that mandatory sentencing is a good idea whereas 45% of respondents prefer judicial discretion. This radical change in the attitude can be causing significant drop in the crime rate registered in the country, (Carlson, 2008). State and federal governments respond to the impact of the economic crisis on the correction system in a number of ways. The nature of problems varies, depending on the state, and so varies the strategies used. The most popular measures are as follows: prison closings, cuts of the staff in corrections, reviewing the budget of corrections concerning nonessentials, reconsidering sentencing schemes, establishing sentencing committees and commissions. Everything in life changes all the time and will always be that way, which is why everything about the past be called history. The rules and regulations for punishing the wicked and wrong doers always have been around. Many past mistakes made; consequently, the rules had to have either adjusted or completely erased altogether to fix these mistakes. The system of punishment is not a design to humiliate or degrade individual in any way, it is an intention to teach the difference between what is right and what is wrong according to the guidelines set forth by government officials. As the rules and regulations change, it affects the state and federal prison systems. They have had to become more lenient and tolerant with the individuals punished for their crimes. Still they have to try to maintain order within the walls of the confinement even though tougher laws outside the walls are making it easier to put individuals behind bars causing overcrowding and less money for security. References Carlson, Peter M. (2008). Garrett, Judith Simon, Prison and Jail Administration: Practice and Theory, Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Miller, Whitehead (2011). Report Writing for Criminal Justice Professionals, 4th Edition, p140, Chapter 6, State and Federal Prisons, Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Nieto, Marcus (May 1996). Community Correction Punishments: An Alternative To Incarceration for Nonviolent Offenders. http://www. library. ca. gov/crb/96/08/#RTFToC6. How to cite Objective of Punishment, Papers

Paranoid by Black Sabbath free essay sample

Im going to take you back. Back to September,18th 1970. The day that Black Sabbaths second studio album was released. Just four months before the band debuted the Heavy Metal scene with their self titled album, Black Sabbath and now, here they are releasing an album that will live on forever. Paranoid has been noted as the bands best work, critic Steve Huey gave incredible praise to the album, he even went as far as saying that Paranoid is one of the greatest and most influential heavy metal albums of all time. Now, Im going to bring you back, Present day. After all this time the album is still being praised! Paranoid is currently ranked at number, 131 on Rolling Stone magazines list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. Not to shabby if I do say so myself. Its been over forty years since the albums first release. We will write a custom essay sample on Paranoid by Black Sabbath or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But the band remains relevant! I know tons of teens my age and younger who would do anything,to see Black Sabbath in concert, Including myself. I mean,this album has everything a Metal Head is looking for. When you first listen to the album you get the feeling that Lead singer Ozzy Osbourne Is singing directly to you. You will be bobbing your head to the music in no time, I guarantee that. And when the albums best songs start playing, You will find yourself singing every word. I mean, this is what I do every time I play the album. Its seriously that good! I would recommend this album to Metal Heads of all ages. Heck, I recommend it to all music fans! Paranoid is just one of those albums that appeal to everyone. No matter what age, or musical taste. Paranoid by Black Sabbath free essay sample Over the past 42 years, heavy metal music has increasingly moved into the limelight. Everything from the thrash and speed metal subgenres to the brutality of the death and black metal subgenres have been featured in film, television, and radio. However, this underground monstrosity was born with the 1970 release of probably the most influential heavy metal album: Black Sabbaths â€Å"Paranoid.† Just months after its release, the Birmingham, England group was thrown into everlasting fame. This album features some amazing guitar riffs from the master, Tony Iommi, with his signature â€Å"bluesy† sound and finger caps on his right hand. Iommi gave us great riffs like those in â€Å"War Pigs† and (of course) â€Å"Paranoid.† Supporting Iommi is Terence â€Å"Geezer† Butler on bass guitar. Geezer keeps up with the speeding guitar of â€Å"Paranoid,† the distorted riffs of â€Å"Iron Man,† and he even wrote most of the lyrics. Often overlooked drummer Bill Ward, is capable of striking the heads with great force, while he has  ­a soft touch on cymbals: a different style than most drummers. We will write a custom essay sample on Paranoid by Black Sabbath or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Last but hardly least is John â€Å"Ozzy† Osbourne, with his signature vocal style: you know, the one that every kid tries to imitate but cant. What sets Ozzy apart from others is the fact that he never sings like anyone but himself. And, more frustrating for other singers, no one can sing like Ozzy. This album features many styles. It has heavy metal with â€Å"War Pigs,† â€Å"Iron Man,† â€Å"Paranoid,† â€Å"Fairies Wear Boots,† and â€Å"Hand of Doom.† There are great instrumentals including â€Å"Rat Salad,† â€Å"Lukes Wall,† and â€Å"Jack the Stripper.† The album also has songs that do not fit one genre, like the bongo, psychedelic song â€Å"Planet Caravan† and the heavy use of a wah-wah pedal in â€Å"Electric Funeral.† The lyrics touch on multiple themes, such as protesting against the Vietnam War in â€Å"War Pigs,† fights with skinheads in â€Å"Fairies Wear Boots,† nuclear apocalypse in â€Å"Electric Funeral,† a fear of girlfriends leaving in â€Å"Paranoid,† the feeling of floating when one is in love in â€Å"Planet Caravan,† and lyrics simply based off a riff of â€Å"Iron Man†. This album is a must-have for any metalhead.

The Role of Narcissism in Profile Picture Selection Essay Example For Students

The Role of Narcissism in Profile Picture Selection Essay As technology becomes increasingly a major part of our everyday lives, much of our interpersonal communication and interactions occurs online through online networks. Within the past decade, the introduction of social networking sites (SNS), such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and LinkedIn, places a new emphasis on first impressions. Instead of engaging in interpersonal communication and forming our own first impressions, an individual’s online profile picture presents a digital first impression, portraying one’s physical appearance, personality and character to their audience. As a society, we are motivated to constantly update, maintain and grow our online presences, gaining more connections, friends and followers via these social networking sites. We will write a custom essay on The Role of Narcissism in Profile Picture Selection specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Sanja Kapidzic, author of â€Å"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, from the Institut fur Kommunikationswisschenschaft und Medienforschung in Munchen, Germany, discusses a study regarding the correlation between narcissism and the personalization of online profile portrayal. In this study titled â€Å"Narcissism as a Predictor of Motivations Behind Facebook Profile Picture Selection,† Sanja Kapidzic focuses his research on the relationship between narcissism and the motivation behind self-presentation through profile pictures. By definition, narcissism is â€Å"the pursuit of gratification from vanity and egotistic admiration of ones own physical or mental attributes that derive from arrogant pride.† In relation to the study, narcissism relates to the online self-presentation of individuals with constant status updates or the display of self-promoting pictures pieces of media. Social networking sites allow narcissistic individuals the platform to present their profiles, while placing emphasis on features with the possibility of gaining admiration and attention. In general, the study explores whether narcissism influences an individual’s motivation behind selecting a profile picture for a social networking site. In relation to narcissism, this study looks at motivation with three categories: physical, personal and social factors. Self-presentation plays an essential role in SNS with the choosing of a personal image reflecting yourself, or your Facebook profile picture. Aside from narcissism, the study analyzes motivational factors in selecting a profile picture with gender specific stereotypes about appearances and the incorporation of social ties in the photo. Incorporating previous research, the connection between narcissism and online self-presentation also relates to the personality of the individual. According to the dynamic self-regulatory processing model of narcissism, an individual with a higher level of narcissism has a â€Å"highly inflated, positive self-concept and concern with their physical appearance.† With the addition of SNS now engraved into our daily routines, previous interpersonal interactions now occur online, where narcissists seek personal attention and positive feedback on their online profiles. Taking this previous research into consideration, this study took into account specific variables, such as age, self-esteem and the frequency of Facebook usage. Logistically, the study surveyed two hundred eighty eight college aged, communications students from a large Midwestern university. The participants ranged from age 18 to 25 years old with half men and women. The students were asked to respond to various surveys incorporating the following topics: narcissism, motivation attractiveness, motivation personality, motivation social ties, self-esteem and Facebook use. Each survey consisted of different response rating scales following each individual’s personal preferences and personalities. In response to the data and research questions, narcissism concluded to be a predictor in motivation of selecting pictures based on attractiveness. In comparison to the control variables of age, self-esteem and Facebook use, the hypothesis proved that narcissism is a motivating factor based on the individual’s personality. However, narcissism was not the leading predictor in relation to motivation for social ties or gender differentiation. In conclusion, the study further progressed the link between psychology and social media by connecting the levels of narcissism in the individuals’ online presence. Those individuals with higher levels of narcissism have different intrinsic motivation regarding their online profile than those with lower levels of narcissistic behavior. .uf131124d226db1533cd59ea45c057ba1 , .uf131124d226db1533cd59ea45c057ba1 .postImageUrl , .uf131124d226db1533cd59ea45c057ba1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf131124d226db1533cd59ea45c057ba1 , .uf131124d226db1533cd59ea45c057ba1:hover , .uf131124d226db1533cd59ea45c057ba1:visited , .uf131124d226db1533cd59ea45c057ba1:active { border:0!important; } .uf131124d226db1533cd59ea45c057ba1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf131124d226db1533cd59ea45c057ba1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf131124d226db1533cd59ea45c057ba1:active , .uf131124d226db1533cd59ea45c057ba1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf131124d226db1533cd59ea45c057ba1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf131124d226db1533cd59ea45c057ba1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf131124d226db1533cd59ea45c057ba1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf131124d226db1533cd59ea45c057ba1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf131124d226db1533cd59ea45c057ba1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf131124d226db1533cd59ea45c057ba1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf131124d226db1533cd59ea45c057ba1 .uf131124d226db1533cd59ea45c057ba1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf131124d226db1533cd59ea45c057ba1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay on The Impact of Social Media Upon RelationshipsThe importance of this study reinforces the research and connection between psychology and the influence of social media in our society. Personality, behavior and motivation are all key psychology concepts that relate to our constantly evolving digital society. As we discussed in class, theories of motivation, such as the incentive motivation theory, also relates to this study. The incentive theory states that we are motivated to receive something in return for our actions. Naturally, people want to be rewarded for an action with some sort of incentive, such as food or money. In this case, individuals who scored higher levels of narcissism are looking for the incentive of â€Å"likes† or social approval. The act of receiving a â€Å"like† or â€Å"comment† on an image or personal status on Facebook drives the desire for the self-promotion and an attractive social presence to their audience. In relation to this article, I thought about my own personal experiences and my social networking sites profiles. As a member of the â€Å"Millennial generation†, I would consider myself to be a â€Å"digital native,† an individual who has grown up surrounded by media and social networking sites. I currently manage multiple social networking sites including: Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. After reading and analyzing this article, I assessed my own motivation in choosing profile pictures or uploading photos, which display my personality and image online. As a result, I agree completely with the idea of connecting this motivation with narcissism. I personally think that everyone encompasses at least some level of narcissism online, where they are motivated to display their best version of themselves. However, some people who may fall higher on the scale of narcissism will post more photos revolving around themselves. For example, a few of my friends on Facebook will spe nd hours editing a photo of them, blurring out imperfections or cropping the right angle to capture their best pose. By taking the time and effort to enhance their photos, their motivation is derived from presenting their most attractive profile picture to their online audience. Instagram is another example of this motivation incentive. Instagram is a social media platform, where individuals can upload photos, add filters and share with their followers. Followers have the opportunity to â€Å"like† their favorite photos. Similar to the Facebook example, people may spend hours choosing the perfect filter to add to their photo, resultantly uploading a brighter and more color enhanced image. Instagram presents a popular platform for the modernized â€Å"selfie† photo, where individuals post photos of themselves in various poses. With the incentive to gain the most â€Å"likes† per photo, individuals who post numerous edited photos present the case for motivational theories and possibly higher levels of narcissism. Aside from Facebook and Instagram, the professional social media platform, LinkedIn, also presents motivation in choosing profile pictures. While deciding upon a profile picture for LinkedIn, individuals seek a more professional appearance of themselves. Although not driven by the incentive for likes, individuals still present a level of narcissism in choosing to present their most professional appearance and demeanor on LinkedIn. The culture of this social media platform revolves around seeking attention and admiration of their photo and professional accomplishment from potential employers. In this sense, individuals all have a level of narcissism, but probably not as strong as adhering to the online presences on other social networking sites. In relation to class discussion, this study connects to the Social Learning Theory and the Psychosocial Theory. The Social Learning Theory, introduced by Albert Bandura, focuses on the three main triadic and reciprocal factors: cognitions, behavior, and environment, which interact and our behaviors. Cognitions involve our skills, knowledge, ability, personal preferences and self-efficacy. Behaviors derive from enactive learning and previous experiences. Environment enforces learning from observational learning from the world around us. As these three factors interact, individuals learn from themselves, others and the surroundings. In correlation to the study, this theory presents reasons why we develop our online behaviors. Living in a society revolving around digital profiles and social networking sites, we are influenced by the online world. Through our learned behavior and the cognition driven by our shifting online culture, individuals inherit a more narcissistic attitude toward their online presence. .u18caa6de087237219914b0e61634ec52 , .u18caa6de087237219914b0e61634ec52 .postImageUrl , .u18caa6de087237219914b0e61634ec52 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u18caa6de087237219914b0e61634ec52 , .u18caa6de087237219914b0e61634ec52:hover , .u18caa6de087237219914b0e61634ec52:visited , .u18caa6de087237219914b0e61634ec52:active { border:0!important; } .u18caa6de087237219914b0e61634ec52 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u18caa6de087237219914b0e61634ec52 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u18caa6de087237219914b0e61634ec52:active , .u18caa6de087237219914b0e61634ec52:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u18caa6de087237219914b0e61634ec52 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u18caa6de087237219914b0e61634ec52 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u18caa6de087237219914b0e61634ec52 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u18caa6de087237219914b0e61634ec52 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u18caa6de087237219914b0e61634ec52:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u18caa6de087237219914b0e61634ec52 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u18caa6de087237219914b0e61634ec52 .u18caa6de087237219914b0e61634ec52-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u18caa6de087237219914b0e61634ec52:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Media Can Mold the Way Adolescents Think EssayAlong with Social Learning Theory, we focused on Psychosocial Theory in personality development. Psychosocial Theory, introduced by Erik Erikson describes that the development of our personalities are driven by culture. As individuals progress through the stages of development, our personalities are constantly adapting between hereditary instincts and the culture and family environment around us. Referring to the relationship between narcissism and online profiles, this theory presents ideas about how narcissism is developed through self-promoting cultures. With a heavy emphasis on self-presentation in our culture, it is inevit able that personality will develop to match the attitude of the environment. As I analyzed this study, critical thinking played a key role in understanding the main points and connections to psychology concepts. Critical thinking consists of three components: affective, behavioral and cognitive. The affective component refers to emotions. As I focused on the concepts presented in this article, I accepted the truth above my own self-interest. Prior to reading this study, I did not view myself as a narcissistic person. However, after putting aside personal biases, I understand how many people can have narcissistic viewpoints. Through critical thinking, I could accept change and modify my own viewpoints and beliefs on the subject. Following critical thinking, I also explored the behavioral components while analyzing the study. The behavioral components refer to delaying judgments, gathering different types of data and realizing you’re wrong. While reading the study, I delayed judgments until collecting data of my own. Taking the core concepts from the article, I explored online profile pictures that my own Facebook friends selected. As a result, I discovered similar data supported in the study, where many of my female friends selected profile pictures emphasizing physical attractiveness. Comparing my own simple data to the data presented in the case proved to be beneficial in understanding the psychology concepts. Lastly, critical thinking entails the cognitive component. The cognitive component explains thinking independently, using deductive reasoning and applying metacognition to your findings. For this study, I focused on deductive thinking by reasoning from general to specific thoughts. For example, by connecting my own personal experiences to the data presented in the study, I focused on narrowing down from a larger idea into more concise examples. By applying metacognition, thinking about one’s own thinking, I was able to connect the data and psychology concepts to my own choices. Specifically speaking, after reading this study, I will be more consciously aware of my selection process in customizing my online profile picture. What I choose to self-promote in my online photos speaks to a larger audience and conveys certain messages about my personality and my character. In summary, this study focused on the relationship between physical, personal and social factors and narcissism motivations in choosing profile pictures on social networking sites. As the data concludes, narcissism is a predictor in emphasizing physical attractiveness and personality in the motivation of selecting photos. By comparing this conclusion to my own personal experiences on social networking sites, I agree with the statement that narcissism is a motivation factor in portraying a certain image to our online audience. However, it is how we choose to portray our personality and character through visual images that indicates the apparent level of narcissism. Driven by a social networking dominated culture, the motivation to present one’s best self-image online has become innate. In conclusion, if a single profile picture can form a lasting first impression, why not make it memorable? Works Cited Kapidzic, S. (2013). Narcissism as a predictor of motivations behind Facebook profile picture selection. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, And Social Networking, 16(1), 14-19. doi:10.1089/cyber.2012.0143

Free Essays on Fault Of Prohibition

Prohibition On midnight of January 16, 1920, one of the started around the turn of the century, when many people got the idea that most of what was wrong with America was caused by boozepersonal habits and customs of most Americans came to a sudden halt. It . They saw prohibition as the silver hammer that would decimate all of their alky-related woes. Instead, it turned out to be the lodestone that lead America into thirteen years of chaos. The eighteenth amendment was ineffective because it was unenforceable, it caused an explosive growth in crime, and it increased the amount of alcohol consumption. The Eighteenth Amendment was put into effect to prohibit the manufacture, sale and transportation of all intoxicating liquors. Shortly afterward, the Volstead Act, named for author Andrew J. Volstead, was put into effect. This complimentary law determined intoxicating liquor as anything having an alcohol content of more than 0.5 percent, omitting alcohol used for medicinal and sacramental purposes; this act set up guidelines for enforcement as well (Altman 15). Prohibition was meant to reduce the consumption of alcohol, and thereby reduce crime, poverty, death rates, and improve the economy and general quality of life. This, however, was undoubtedly to no avail. After the Volstead Act was put into place to determine precise laws and methods of enforcement, the Federal Prohibition Bureau was developed in order to see that the Volstead Act was enforced. Nevertheless, these laws were frequently violated by bootleggers and commoners alike. Bootleggers smuggled liquor from overseas and Canada, stole it from government warehouses, and produced their own. Many people hid their liquor in hip flasks, false books, hollow canes, and anything else they could find. (Bowen 159). There were also illegal speakeasies which replaced saloons soon after the start of prohibition. By 1925, there were over 100,000 speakeasies in New York City alone (Bowen ... Free Essays on Fault Of Prohibition Free Essays on Fault Of Prohibition Prohibition On midnight of January 16, 1920, one of the started around the turn of the century, when many people got the idea that most of what was wrong with America was caused by boozepersonal habits and customs of most Americans came to a sudden halt. It . They saw prohibition as the silver hammer that would decimate all of their alky-related woes. Instead, it turned out to be the lodestone that lead America into thirteen years of chaos. The eighteenth amendment was ineffective because it was unenforceable, it caused an explosive growth in crime, and it increased the amount of alcohol consumption. The Eighteenth Amendment was put into effect to prohibit the manufacture, sale and transportation of all intoxicating liquors. Shortly afterward, the Volstead Act, named for author Andrew J. Volstead, was put into effect. This complimentary law determined intoxicating liquor as anything having an alcohol content of more than 0.5 percent, omitting alcohol used for medicinal and sacramental purposes; this act set up guidelines for enforcement as well (Altman 15). Prohibition was meant to reduce the consumption of alcohol, and thereby reduce crime, poverty, death rates, and improve the economy and general quality of life. This, however, was undoubtedly to no avail. After the Volstead Act was put into place to determine precise laws and methods of enforcement, the Federal Prohibition Bureau was developed in order to see that the Volstead Act was enforced. Nevertheless, these laws were frequently violated by bootleggers and commoners alike. Bootleggers smuggled liquor from overseas and Canada, stole it from government warehouses, and produced their own. Many people hid their liquor in hip flasks, false books, hollow canes, and anything else they could find. (Bowen 159). There were also illegal speakeasies which replaced saloons soon after the start of prohibition. By 1925, there were over 100,000 speakeasies in New York City alone (Bowen ...

How to Craft a Perfect Customer Service Resume Using Examples

How to Craft a Perfect Customer Service Resume  Using Examples If you’re looking to break into the customer service/call center world, or are already there and want to improve your chances at a promotion or a new opportunity, you probably already know that a great resume is the place to start. If you are looking to work in retail specifically, we have also created a comprehensive guide on how to write a retail resume. Let’s dive in and look at sample customer service resumes from three customer service professionals at different stages: one entry level, one looking to get a new job at a different company, and one looking to get promoted from within. 1. Entry Level Customer Service Resume2. Customer Service Resume for Managers3. Customer Service Resume for Executives   Entry Level Customer Service ResumeUp first: Marjorie, looking for her first fulls)How to Write a Perfect Occupational Therapist ResumeHow to Write a Perfect Physician Assistant Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Receptionist Resume (Examples Included) How to Create a Perfect Retail ResumeHow to Write a Perfect Sales Associate Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Social Worker Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Truck Driver Resume (With Examples)

Risk Assesment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Risk Assesment - Essay Example Malathion is degradable and does not persist in the atmosphere for a very long time. It degrades in the air, in the soil as well as in water. It can be harmful for marine life and thus spraying in water should be avoided. It needs to be sprayed more than once for achieving the best possible results. Though malathion has many benefits associated with it the, the risks cannot be overlooked. If exposure occurs, it can lead to attacks of asthma in patients who suffer from the disease. It has also been associated with cancer in the liver. If skin contact results, it can lead to allergies and rashes as well. It can also disturb the gastrointestinal tract and affect the heart rate by either increasing it or decreasing it. Anxiety can also result and in extreme cases paralysis and coma can also be seen. The city of Genericville has a very essential role of tourism to play in maintaining the economic aspect of the city. The tourist attractions in the city are marked by virtue of the beautiful river as well as the wetlands that lie beside the river. The river and the wetlands are home to different marine as well as animal species that add to the attraction of the city. It is hence the duty of the authorities as well as its residents to take care of these natural endowments that the city possesses. The health and the well being of the tourists is as important as that of the people who reside in the city because they provide for the source of income for this city. West Nile Virus has been a subject of concern for the authorities because it has accounted for 177 deaths out of the 4269 affected cases and there are concerns that it might affect 50 people of the city and result in two deaths. Malathion has been proposed as a measure to overcome this health issue. The spread of the West Nile Virus is by means of mosquitoes and hence malathion which is an organophosphate and a pesticide spray is effective against them. West Nile Virus can result in inflaming the brain as well

Multiculturalism in Contemporary Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Multiculturalism in Contemporary Britain - Essay Example On the basis of the essay, it may be noted that the prejudices of the British public may function as fuel for racism and discrimination towards minorities, which legislation has attempted to address. The researcher describes that Government attempts to build cohesion and may be partially beneficial in addressing the divide between the majority and minority groups, to prevent riots and unrest in society. However, underlying causes of inequalities in economic areas must continue to be addressed through policy initiatives. This essay uses Parekh's research of example and states that he believes that in a multicultural society, the common point to build unity among all the people and to promote a sense of belonging is a political foundation, a shared commitment to a political community. A multicultural society would also respect the diversity of its peoples and allow each ethnic, cultural or other group to feel secure through the provisions made in its laws and shared political outlook. As a result of this, the authorities generally tend to consult with several of these minority organizations rather than a few leaders who are said to represent the entire community and as a result, a more democratic society ensures with a more positive image among the police and the community about minority members and their needs and culture which in turn could work towards promoting greater understanding among races and communities and prevent the racial violence that erupts through misunderstanding.

The Jealousy Essay Example for Free

The Jealousy Essay Normally you have to listen to the boring facts before getting started; unfortunately, you will not avoid them this time either. However, it’s probably nice for you to know who writes what you’re going to read and why I have ended up writing this book to help you. You will quickly discover that my book is quite different from many other things that you’ve might read about jealousy. The reason is that my book is more a personal portrayal, rather than a professional book built on a lot of inspiration. The advantage is that you’ll get a very authentic look at jealousy, and it contains a lot of inspiration to keep yourself free from jealousy, without having to feel you are reading text from a psychologist. (Not because there is something wrong with going to a psychologist.) Just so you know, if you read my book to do something about your jealousy, there is a lot of hope for you, because you’ve actually moved beyond the 80% of all others who are jealous and are doing nothing about it. You have acknowledged that you are jealous and need to do something about it fast as possible. You have taken the responsibility without blaming it on others. Well done! It’s important for me to say, that if you don’t take the responsibility yourself, you will keep being jealous until you do. So who am I? My name is Kim Falidan, I’m 25 years old, and I’m living in Copenhagen, Denmark. If you ask me, I study on one of the world’s most â€Å"tasteful† educations, which is the chief cook education. In my spare time, I commit myself to the psychotherapeutic world, which you probably don’t think is a complete coincidence, since I have written an e-book about jealousy.But it wasn’t only the strong passion for the psychotherapeutic world which has inspired me. Just to confuse you further, it is actually the book that inspired me to dig deeper into my hobby.Where did the book come from? It came from a hell †¦ No, I don’t exaggerate, but I wish I did. My eternal and hopeless struggle against jealousy lasted for a period of almost 6 years. It took me 6 years before I got rid of my unhealthy jealousy.I mentioned something about hell, but it couldn’t have been so bad, could it Kim? Well, it was. Jealousy is an emotion that everyone has, some have less and some have more. I was at the high state of jealousy.It’s not because my jealousy has led to physical or mental violence or something, but it has devastated my emotions unbelievably.Jealousy has cost me several relationships, and even more moments in my life, that should have been happy for me.Since you’re here now, you probably already know what I’m talking about.I went down with stress and depression a few times, because of my eternal struggle with and frustration about my jealousy. The jealousy took the people I loved away from me constantly. Not that everyone broke up with me, I actually broke up with them, because the jealousy was killing the love i had and today I feel sorry for them. Those I didn’t break up with I simply scared away, and today I really understand why they reacted like they did. I don’t know if you’ve already experienced something like that yourself, but you can stop it now or make it stop before it happens! I’m sure you’r e reading this book for a reason, and I don’t have to remind you how important it is for you to get rid of jealousy as fast as possible. If you’re reading The Jealousy Book, and doing exactly as I tell you, you’re on the right track. Luckily, I don’t have any more broken doors or furniture in my apartment, though I used to, as a result of a jealousy bomb which exploded from time to time. No, today I’m happy and living with the woman of my life. I have been in love for almost a year now, but that’s another story. It’s quite an amazing love story if you ask me. No matter how jealous you are, you have the strength to defeat it if you get to know yourself better. And you will, right? If your answer is yes – then good, because it’s actually quite easy, you just have to â€Å"wake-up† first and get that green monster out of yourself.There are no excuses, and it takes no time to read about it compared to the difference it can make for your life now and in the future. So go ahead, you’re the only one who can make a difference. I’m really glad you’re here, and I’m sure you’ll be the same after you have read it.For the women who read my boo k, it’s important for me to point out that you can easily read it and get the full benefits. Jealousy is a feeling both sexes have in common in equal measures. And for those with a jealous partner, the above also applies to you. Maybe not because you are jealous yourself, but because you really do have the power to help your partner to become free of jealousy. Believe me; you will thank yourself for it later, and your partner will especially thank you for doing so. Let me be a little metaphorical now. The blood, sweat and tears I’ve felt to get the experience I describe in the book, we can look at from a helicopter’s perspective.The helicopter is in front of you now, free and ready to fly you over the jealousy horizon. My book is the helicopter. You can even determine the color of the helicopter, but I decide where we fly. As I said earlier, it’s the jealousy horizon; we will fly over together in the forthcoming moments. Believe me; you will be amazed about the impact of something as simple as having an overview. While you read the book, you’ll get the opportunity to do some exercises. I recommend that you do them all as well as you can. But there is one very important main exercise throughout the whole book and that is to write down everything you think is important for you to remember. In most cases, you need to have a pen and a paper or maybe a Word document to record the exercises for each chapter. If you do that, you will insure that you get all the personal benefits from my book. Choose the color of your helicopter, and when you feel ready and comfortable, go read on.

A Career in Insurance Sales Essay -- essays research papers

A Career in Insurance Sales Nature of the Work Insurance agents sell one or more types of insurance, such as life, property, casualty, health, disability, and long-term care (Edwards, 1999, A12). Agents sell insurance policies to individuals and businesses to provide protection against loss or catastrophe. Insurance agents consider the financial status and life situation of their clients, and assist them in selecting their optimal insurance policy. Some policies can be designed to provide retirement income, funds for the education of children, or other benefits (Edwards, 1999, A12). Insurance agents prepare reports, maintain records, and they help policyholders to settle insurance claims (Abraham & Herman, 1998). Special in-group policies may help employers provide their employees the opportunity to buy insurance through payroll deductions (Abraham & Herman, 1998). Agents may work for one company or independently for several companies (Abraham & Herman, 1998). Brokers do not sell for a particular company, but direct their clients to companies that offer the best rate and coverage (Abraham & Herman, 1998). Life insurance agents and brokers are sometimes referred to as life underwriters (Abraham & Herman, 1998). Property and casualty insurance agents and brokers sell policies that protect individuals and businesses from financial loss, as a result of automobile accidents, fire or theft, tornadoes and storms, and other events that can damage property (Edwards, 1999, A13). Property and casualty insurance can also sell health insurance policies to businesses that cover the costs of hospital and medical care for their employees (Edwards, 1999, A13). Increasingly, insurance agents and brokers offer comprehensive financial planning services to their clients, such as retirement planning counseling (Edwards, 1999, A13). Because of this, many insurance agents and brokers are licensed to sell mutual funds and other securities (Edwards, 1999, A13). Education and Training Requirements College training may help agents or brokers grasp the technical aspects of insurance policies and the fundamentals and procedures of selling insurance (Abraham & Herman, 1998). Many colleges and universities offer courses in insurance, and a few schools offer a bachelor’s degree in insurance (Abraham & Herman, 1998). College courses in finance, mathematics, a... ... growth of mutual fund sales (Vault.com, 1999). Insurance agents do not desire a rise in crime, since fear of crime leads more people to seek insurance coverage for their homes, cars, and valuables (Vault.com, 1999). Sales of commercial insurance should increase as new businesses emerge and existing firms expand their coverage (Vault.com, 1999). Trends toward multiline agents, self-insurance, and group policies will also contribute to increased volume of insurance sales, and open positions (Vault.com, 1999). Since insurance is considered a necessity, agents are unlikely to face unemployment in times of recession (Vault.com, 1999). References   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abraham, K. G., & Herman, A. M. (1998). Insurance agents and brokers. Occupational outlook handbook. (1998-1999 ed.). 250-252.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Edwards, S. A. (1999, March 8). Insurance: what you need to know. The Hartford Courant, pp. A12, A13. (Article appears on two separate pages.) Vault.com Inc.  © 1999 150 West 22nd St., 5th Floor, New York, NY 10011 http://www.vault.com/vstore/pages/occupations.cfm?Product_id=513&objectgroup_id=284&chapter=1

Lady Macbeth and Her Gender Essay

In Shakespeare’s time women were considered to stay ay home, do the housework and to look after the children after they were married. The role of women was just to please men. Women had no right and no choices because men defined women. A young women’s future was defined by their father and they had no choice to refuse. In Shakespeare’s time, which was the Elizabethan period, there were no actresses and men played women in plays. To women in those times the play ‘Macbeth’ would seem very strange as Lady Macbeths character is nothing like women in then, even to men the character would seem strange. Lady Macbeth is an ambiguous character as she has two sides to her, one side is that she is fiendlike and the other is that she is not fiendlike. The first time we meet lady Macbeth, is when she was reading a letter that Macbeth had written to her telling her about the witches prophecy. She reads the letter and says ‘yet I do fear thy nature, it is too full o’th’ milk of human kindness’. She thinks that Macbeths is too kind to do anything to become king, she says that he is ‘too’ kind, but no one can be too kind to kill anyone. She then says a spell, ‘pour my sprits in their ear’ and she wants to give her evil sprits to him and she has to take away the human kindness and fill it up with evil. This was the very first encounter with Lady Macbeth and this will make the audience think that she is evil, which would shock the audience. Lady Macbeth’s understanding of ambition is evil. ‘Without illness should attend it’. The word illness actually means evil so she is saying without evil you can’t be ambitious. The verb ‘should’ indicate that Lady Macbeth feels that evil must always accompany ambition. Lady Macbeth has just heard that the king, Duncan is coming to stay at their castle. Lady Macbeth say’s a soliloquy and calls on evil sprits to assist her murderous plans. ‘The raven himself is hoarse†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Lady Macbeths knows that she’s a woman and can’t commit the crime so she says ‘unsex me here’. If she is unsexed then she would not be a woman but a man and her feminine side would be taken away. Lady Macbeth wants to be filled with ‘direst cruelty’ so that she can kill the king with hesitating. This soliloquy is actually a spell. We know this is a spell because she is calling on sprits to unsex her. To an Elizabethan audience and to our modern audience it is still odd for some one casting a spell. In the scene there are many mood changes from excitement to fury. This has a dramatic effect on the audience as the scene started off with a lot of excitement from lady Macbeth and then changed to a furious state towards Macbeth. ‘Look like th’innocent flower, but be serpent under it’. Here lady Macbeth is telling Macbeth to look innocent but be evil inside. This is like Adam and Eve where Adam is Macbeth and eve is Lady Macbeth and the serpent tempted them. This also spoiled their stay in paradise and to Macbeth and lady Macbeth it will spoil the whole existence of the world, as they will be breaking the chain of being. This shows us that lady Macbeth is fiendlike and doesn’t care about the rest of the world. Two scenes later lady Macbeth says something very shocking, which may have just changed Macbeth’s mind. ‘Have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums and dashed the brains out, had I sworn as you have done this’, here lady Macbeth is telling Macbeth that she would kill her own child and throw it on the floor and let it die than break a promise she had made. This is pure evil and again to an Elizabethan audience and to our modern audience this is odd, as no one would say that. After Macbeth kills the king and two guards are saying their prayers and he couldn’t say ‘amen’. This worried Macbeth and all Lady Macbeth could say was ‘consider it not so deeply’. She didn’t care about his feelings and what he was going through and just simply forgot about it. Lady Macbeth is meant to look out for Macbeth, but she really has more control over Macbeth and he does not say anything to her as men in those days would. Lady Macbeth orders him to put the dagger back but he still in shock so she does it her self. In the play lady Macbeth is also not fiendlike towards Macbeth, and tries to support and help him. The first place where lady Macbeth is not fiendlike is when she was calling Macbeth a coward, which was in act 1 scene 7, just before Duncan is murdered. Lady Macbeth may have looked like she was being fiendlike towards Macbeth, when she was calling him a coward. ‘ And live a cowed in thane own esteem’, Macbeth could be saying this to him so that his dream of being king would come true and not for her to be queen. She called him all these names like a ‘coward’, ‘spineless’ and ‘lack of manliness’ to make him say no he’s not and so he would prove her wrong. Lady Macbeth also said ‘but screw your courage to the sticking-place’, and this means be a man and this finally got him and he gave in. I think that it actually worked and it was the turning point and then murdered Duncan. In the second scene of act two lady Macbeth shows a week side in her as she say’s ‘had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had done’t. This shows us that she has some compassion in her and is not all evil. This has a bit of a effect on the audience as they now know she isn’t all evil. After the deed is done Macbeth says this is a ‘sorry sight’ and lady Macbeth replies with ‘a foolish thought, to say a sorry sight’, she is saying its too late now you’ve done it and your dreams will come true. She is keeping his hopes up and is also trying to forget about it. When Macduff tells Duncan’s son of their father’s murder, Macbeth has to depend himself and to help him out lady Macbeth faints in order to bring the attention away from Macbeth so that he would not be questioned. If she did not care about Macbeth she would have not done this. So this shows that she does love Macbeth. Lady Macbeth has her times when she is pure evil but she also cares about Macbeth and about his well-being. She was very strong and kept her emotions inside her until the end and it drove her to sleep walk and then at the end to suicide. She kept it all inside for Macbeth so he would not get worried and so therefore I can’t say she is fiendlike or not.

Newton the Empiricist

Sir Isaac Newton’s discoveries are truly relevant in our world today. His contributions to Physics are nonetheless substantial, especially the Laws of Motion which he established. However, the debate on whether Isaac Newton was a nativist or an empiricist has aroused. Some question Newton’s way of thinking where it breaks down to the belief of being any of nativism or empiricism. Firstly, nativism is the belief which states that people’s skills are natural to them that at birth, everything they need to learn are already coded in their brains, just waiting to be explored and be utilized. Nativists believe that we have brains which are hard wired with the talents and skills. It is more on how we uncover these things that we learn the things around us. The process of acquiring knowledge is just actually relearning what has already been coded in our brains. On the other hand, Empiricism claims that we have been born with a blank slate – tabula rasa, needing to be filled up by learning. We learn through experience in this concept, unlike that of Nativism where we already have the knowledge in the brain, all we need is to gather it and add it up to our knowledge. It emphasizes greatly on experience, where perceiving with our senses play a great role when we form various ideas. This discards the notion of having innate or inborn characteristics which is presented by Nativism. The debate regarding Isaac Newton’s line of thinking arose because of the way he came up with his ideas, the brilliant laws he established which are of great use in our society today. It is not merely being able to come up with the right ideas, but people though that Isaac Newton already knows the things he supposedly has established. But it was Empiricism that Newton believed more. He was more on the philosophy of science which gives a direct association to experiences, which derives data and information by means of experiments. Isaac Newton, as a person of science, underwent every necessary step in order to affirm his ideas. He tested through experiments in order to prove the knowledge he wishes to impart to the people. Theories and hypothesis were tested and some were proven through the use of observations and reasoning (Ess, 2007). Newton has established his own programs in science which he himself used in order to remove the doubts from the hypothesis. His goal as a scientist was to uncover something certain, and not to linger into the uncertainty of things. His principles were established and were drawn from the experiments he conducted and the observations he made for these experiments. This is just a manifestation that he abides in the Empiricist English tradition, just like Francis Bacon, where he comes up with ideas conceived from extensive experimentation and observation. As a man of science, he has always backed his ideas with relevant findings from the experiments that he conducted. He is not contended by assuming something as â€Å"ideally,† instead, he strived to prove such things using his own sets of experiments. Sir Isaac Newton’s findings posed great importance in explaining various things in the human world. Even though there are still some people who question his way of thinking, it is undeniable that what he has conceived were all products of extensive research, of the scientific method which he himself has pioneered and is still being used today. Reference: Ess, D. (2007). Isaac Newton Retrieved September 25, 2007, from http://www.drury.edu/ess/philsci/newton.html      

What Authors Actually Think of Amazon’s Pay-Per-Page Model

What Authors Actually Think of Amazon’s Pay-Per-Page Model What authors actually think of Amazon’s Pay-Per-Page Model This past month's buzz about Amazon’s announcement of a Pay-Per-Page  model for Kindle Unlimited authors has received a myriad of responses. Much of it has consisted of information being blown completely out of proportion on various media pages. Vocal journalists have expressed their fear of Amazon promoting length over quality, or of Amazon total dominance of the publishing industry. It all made us think: â€Å"what do authors actually think about it?† So we went ahead and asked a few â€Å"indie† and hybrid authors - the ones affected most by the changes.Amazon’s â€Å"Pay-per-page† responds to author feedbackIt turns out that the main thing that the media have been forgetting to say is that Amazon’s change is actually prompted by authors requesting it. When Kindle Unlimited was launched, Amazon paid authors for a full â€Å"borrow† as soon as the reader read more than 10% of the book. This means that authors who were writing long er novels were being undercut, but the ones writing shorter books were sliding under the radar and collecting their checks every time a reader made it 10% of the way through a book. If you are reading a short novel, 10% may not be many pages at all.This is what indie author Lindsay Buroker and hybrid author Bob Mayer point out:â€Å"The changes seem to be more a response to author feedback, and perhaps reader feedback as well. I know many novelists who were frustrated that short stories and installments of serialized fiction made as much as their full-length novels. Were readers also frustrated with all of the short fiction and chopped up books?† - Lindsay Buroker, author of  The Emperor's Edgeâ€Å"Overall, authors who wrote full length novels were actually getting screwed. If I’d wanted to game the system, I should have focused on writing five 20,000 words stories (earning $6.60 if all are borrowed) rather than one 100,000 page book (earning only $1.32 if borrowe d). Under Kindle Unlimited my income would have been five times what it is. Under the new system, my income is more, as long as those pages get read.† - Bob Mayer, author of the Area 51 seriesClick on the image to tweet it!Sharing is caring! Click on any images above to tweet the quote with the author's handle!What is  your opinion on the Amazon pay-per-page change? Are subscription services a threat to authors in the long term? Leave us your thoughts in the comments below!

Earl Warren, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

Earl Warren, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Earl Warren was born on March 19, 1891, in Los Angeles, California to immigrant parents who moved the family to Bakersfield, California in 1894 where Warren would grow up.   Warren’s father worked in the railroad industry, and Warren would spend his summer working in railroading.   Warren attended the University of California, Berkeley (Cal) for his undergraduate degree, a B.A. in political science in 1912, and his J.D. in 1914 from the Berkeley School of Law. In 1914, Warren was admitted to the California bar. He took his first legal job working for Associated Oil Company in San Francisco, where he stayed for one year before moving to the Oakland firm of Robinson Robinson. He remained there until August 1917 when he enlisted in the United States Army to serve in World War I. Life After World War I First Lieutenant Warren was discharged from the Army in 1918, and he was hired as a Judicial Committee Clerk for the 1919 Session of the California State Assembly where he stayed until 1920.   From 1920 to 1925, Warren was Oakland’s Deputy City Attorney and in 1925, he was appointed as Alameda County’s District Attorney. During his years as a prosecutor, Warren’s ideology concerning the criminal justice system and law enforcement techniques began taking shape.   Warren was re-elected to three four-year terms as Alameda’s D.A., having made a name for himself as a hard-nosed prosecutor who fought public corruption at all levels. Attorney General of California In 1938, Warren was elected to California’s Attorney General, and he assumed that office in January 1939.   On December 7, 1941, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. Attorney General Warren, believing that civil defense was a main function of his office, became the leading proponent of moving Japanese away from the California coast. This resulted in more than 120,000 Japanese being placed in internment camps without any due process rights or charges or any kind officially brought against them.   In 1942, Warren called the Japanese presence in California â€Å"the Achilles heel of the entire civilian defense effort.†   After serving one term, Warren was then elected as California’s 30th Governor taking office in January 1943.    While at Cal, Warren became friends with Robert Gordon Sproul, who would remain close friends throughout his life.   In 1948, Sproul nominated Governor Warren for Vice President at the Republican National Convention to be Thomas E. Dewey’s running mate.   Harry S. Truman won the Presidential election.   Warren would remain as Governor until October 5, 1953 when President Dwight David Eisenhower appointed him to be the 14th Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. Career as Supreme Court Chief Justice While Warren did not have any judicial experience, his years of actively practicing law and political accomplishments placed him in a unique position on the Court and also made him an efficient and influential leader.   Warren was also adept at forming majorities that supported his views on major Court opinions. The Warren Court rendered a number of major decisions. These included:   Brown v. Board of Education, which declared segregation policies in public schools unconstitutional,Loving v. Virginia, which declared anti-miscegenation laws (laws that enforced and/or criminalized racial segregation in marriage and intimate relationships) unconstitutional,Griswold v. Connecticut, which stated that the Constitution contains a general right to privacy,Abington School District v. Schempp, which prohibited mandatory Bible readings in schools,and Engel v. Vitale, which prohibited official prayer in schools. Also, Warren used his experiences and ideological beliefs from his days as District Attorney to change the landscape in the arena. These cases included:   Brady v. Maryland, which requires the government to provide exculpatory evidence to a defendant,Miranda v. Arizona, which requires that a defendant being questioned by law enforcement must be informed about his rights,Gideon v. Wainwright, which requires that legal counsel be provided to indigent defendants during Court proceedings,Escobedo v. Illinois, which requires that legal counsel be provided to indigent defendants during interrogation by law enforcement,Katz v. United States, which extended Fourth Amendment protection to all areas where a person has a reasonable expectation of privacy,Terry v. Ohio, which allows law enforcement officer to stop and frisk a person if the police officer has a reasonable suspicion that the person has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime and has a reasonable belief that the person may be armed and presently dangerous.   In addition to the number of major decisions that the Court released while he was Chief Justice, President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed him to lead what became known as â€Å"The Warren Commission† which investigated and compiled a report about the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. In 1968, Warren tendered his resignation from the Court to President Eisenhower when it became apparent that Richard Milhous Nixon would become the next President.   Warren and Nixon had a mutually strong dislike for each other stemming from events that occurred at the 1952 Republican National Convention.   Eisenhower attempted to name his replacement but was unable to have the Senate confirm the nomination.   Warren ended up retiring in 1969 while Nixon was President and passed away in Washington, D.C., on July 9, 1974.

Australian Law-Surrogacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Australian Law-Surrogacy - Essay Example One dilemma in surrogacy is the determination of parenthood. Currently, family and parenthood are defined biologically instead of social terms. This brings an issue in when determining who the legal parents of the child are, mainly between the surrogate mother and the social or foster parents of the child. In some countries like Australia, the law identifies the surrogate mother of a child as its legal mother and any surrogate arrangements that transfer custody of the child to others is rendered void. This brings issues especially if the surrogate mother had offered the services as commercial surrogacy and later claims the child (Tuininga, 240). The issue of parenthood arises because of the fact that the commissioning parents consider themselves to be the real parents of the child because their chromosomes were used. The surrogate mother can also claim parenthood because their biological components were used. (Tuininga, 240). This is even more serious were gestation was absent in the commissioning mother and hence the surrogate mother has some genetic relationship with the child. Temana (1108) observes that surrogate mothers normally try to maintain close and intimate relationship with the social parents of the child and this could put those marriages at risk of breaking. Zimmerman (123) states that there is also a high tendency that surrogacy makes problems underlying a marriage to surface for example, it brings into light infertility problem in one of the couple. (Tuininga, 240).  ... gate mothers normally try to maintain close and intimate relationship with the social parents of the child and this could put those marriages at risk of breaking. Zimmerman (123) states that there is also a high tendency that surrogacy makes problems underlying a marriage to surface for example, it brings into light infertility problem in one of the couple. Ragone (201) states that he commissioning parents go through a complicated process in order to adopt the child they wanted despite the fact that they could have paid heavily to have the child born and that one of them, mostly the father, could be the genetic father of the child. This is because in surrogacy, the father or both parents donate gametes that will be transferred clinically to the surrogate mother. Ironically, the law does not recognize them as the legal parents of the born child despite the fact that this child might not have any genetic relationship with the surrogate mother. One dilemma that emerges in surrogacy is t hat others do not accept it yet it is a healthy way of creating human life as compared to other methods like cloning. History In Australia, all forms of surrogacy were considered to be illegal and all states passed laws to make this a criminal offense. However, things have changed over the recent years. According to the Lawyers and Legal Services Australia (1), altruistic surrogacy has recently been legalized and this has been done in all Australia states, except for the state of Tasmania. However, commercial surrogacy is still considered by the law to be a criminal offense. These changes in the history of surrogacy in Australia were made possible by the Assisted Reproductive Treatment Act 2008. This Act changed the legality of altruistic surrogacy from 1st January, 2010. In its part,

Analyzing Management Strategies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analyzing Management Strategies - Research Paper Example The model of management as guided by the theory of TQM supports process ownership in a manner that cultivates team work and eliminates any forms of hierarchies that impede the quality of work through bureaucratic challenges and structural disconnection of the processes within the organization. It is important to consider the fact that some of the issues that attend to the processes of TQM depend on the nature of management and the organizational structure of the firm. On this score, the organization must manage its internal processes in a manner that cultivates harmony across the various processes. A distinguishing aspect of TQM is that it is related to the aspect of information sharing and process regulation (Oakland, 2000). All the distinct components in the supply chain are usually involved in the process for the purpose of enhancing the nature of information sharing and process management. On this score, it becomes important to consider some of the issues that attend to the manag ement of process within the level of management. A key advantage of TQM theory over other theoretical frameworks is that it is basically customer-centered. It actively brings the customer within the processes of the organization in order to capture the rhythms and essence of the market from the perspective of customer preferences, trends on the market, and the general nature of the market. In usual cases, these processes are meant to attract and retain customers through the provision quality services that ensure the retention of the customer base and the maintenance of the market segment. In essence, the processes of management is tailored on the need to develop a process that supplies the basic essence of management in a manner that harmonizes operations across the various processes that relate to issues of management. The theory of Total Quality Management could apply to various processes that regard matters of managerial dynamisms. An example of the areas where such processes cou ld apply is in the food and beverages industry. Total Quality Management requires the harmonization of processes in a way that ensures quality delivery of services and the satisfaction of the customers. The food and beverages industry is usually associated with high levels of risk and losses. By applying the theories of TQM, it becomes possible to regulate the processes in the food and beverages industry in a manner that aligns well with the processes of production, supply, management, and marketing. Companies such as McDonalds and other PepsiCo Inc usually apply the processes of TQM for the purpose of achieving optimum production, high levels of quality, and customer satisfaction. The various integrated processes in TQM usually work in ways that propel organizations towards high levels of profitability and growth. Some of the challenges that attend to the application of the theory of total quality management is that the nature of organizations has undergone significant shifts in st ructures and processes. The advent of globalization, liberalization, and the developments in the information, communication, and technology sector has redefined the working environment in ways that affect the process of integration,

Buddhism and Hinduism in comparision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Buddhism and Hinduism in comparision - Essay Example It highly reflects the prevailing theme at the time in which Japan took pride in its genius through the fields of religion, philosophy, art, and rich literature. While the fundamental color of brilliance is perceived through the coating to designate in equilibrium the simplicity of brightness through wood carving, the Hindu sculpture has, among the revered gods Vishnu, Shiva, Krishna, and some others, on the contrary been worked using stone or hard rock medium to enhance the proper locus of the aspects with light. A rare sculpture of ‘Vishnu’ seated on a Naga coil under the five hoods of the serpent deity is stone-made. Found at the Nithyakalyanaswamy temple at Thiruvidanthai, the statue is said to date from the Vijayanagara period during the 17th century. Contrary to the standing position of the Bodhisattva of Compassion, Vishnu is depicted sitting in a relaxed posture to signify an aura of meditative heights achieved. This ‘Vishnu on Naga Coil’ is well-ado rned as opposed to the plain appearance of the Buddhist sculpture. Being considered as the ‘Supreme god’ in the Vaishnavite tradition of Hinduism, the symbolic statue reflects him as the all-pervading essence of all beings and this is a strong ground for sculpting Vishnu in a manner that exhibits details rich in adornments and are defined under perfect human features, except for bearing four arms. Not having any earth-related object by him suggests how Vishnu’s state is one that is severely distant from men and this further indicates no sign of humility unlike in the case of the bodhisattva. Though his divinity radiates opulence of things by which he could sustain and govern the universe as the ‘Preserver’, the sculpture seemingly lacks the essence of purity. In one of the modifications made for the structure of Vishnu with the same serpent deity, the presence of Lakshmi, his consort, heavily coated with gold altogether gives a manifestation of extre me wealth and power. Its lavish creation of curves and lines inlaid on the golden stone medium occur to characterize immortal possession of authority and matter, transcending the significant idea behind misery or suffering, a major part in Buddhist principle of attaining pure divinity. Such design with Vishnu and similar Hindu gods mirrors the equivalent aspect in Indian culture of observing colorful festive traditions abounding in food, clothing, ceremonies, and other stuffs of various kinds. On the other hand, Though the ‘Eleven-Headed Bodhisattva of Compassion’ primarily consists of wood, the sophisticated carvings and the countenance which appears to possess a blend of gold and bronze external coating, aimed to bring about a wholly essential color, suggests subtle prominence while depicting the purpose of identifying a bodhisattva by nature. The smooth lines of the sculpture were fashioned such that the strokes exude a character with humble gesture, one with which n o trace of rigidity can be detected. In the absence of conspicuous edges in its shape all throughout, the eleven-headed Kannon may be readily claimed to have been so intentionally brought to the gentlest of forms. ‘Eleven-Headed Bo

The First Epistle of the Second Book of Horace Imitated

The First Epistle of the Second Book of Horace Imitated Living and writing in an era in which culture was flourishing and poetry was not simply a pastime[1], must have been a dream to Alexander Pope: such was the Augustan age in Latin literature (27 BC AD 14), which under the reign of the emperor Augustus provided not only for a serene social environment for the thriving of liberal arts, but also concerned about its good management by the close advisor Maecenas, responsible of the patronage of the artistic talent. In this sort of literary scene, poets such as Horace, Ovid, Virgil and Livy found their mastery being appreciated, highlighted and celebrated. Approaching the two historical periods with a thorough close analysis, its remarkable how Popes England and the Roman Empire were sharing aspects of their social life: the division between Court and Country as existed in the Augustan Rome was common view in England as the difference between luxury and philosophical retreat. A literary analogy, specifically relevant for Popes works, could also be detected, but in terms of cultural and social satisfaction, unfortunately, the 18th Century poet faced a reality which of Augustan had nothing but the name. The so called Augustan poetry rose during the first half of 1700 with the explicit intention of being satirical and political, meant to criticise and hit the government, whose enmity and hatred towards all poetry and the arts were concentrated in the figure of the contemporary ruling George II. Ascended to power in 1683, the monarch showed a non-caring and contrasting attitude towards every literary manifestation, often stating himself in favour of censorship that made poets voices and endavours even much harder to be heard and adequately esteemed. Moreover, the spreading corruption was detestated by the writers of the time, and by Pope in particular, who in 1737 came into closer association with the Opposition, expressing his role as an active political poet. Funnily, George II was also christened Augustus, coincidence that considerably remarked the difference between the two princes: Alexander Pope didnt think twice about taking advantage of this perfect homonymy and under the clever suggestion of his friend Lord Bolingbroke, he created a brilliant and enjoyable satirical collection: Imitations of Horace (1738). Firstly, what an imitation is must be clarified: not a fake, something not genuine should be thought about, but the Latin sense of imitatio should be taken into consideration, in which the idea of re-creation and re-interpretation is implied. Secondly, the choice of Horace must be explained: not only he was on the defensive of writing satire, as Pope was towards his literary environment, but also gave him the chance to rise questions and social problems besides giving judgments of contemporary literature and taste. These issues found their place in the mock-epic poem The first Epistle of the Second Book of Horace Imitated (May 1737), which also best underlines Popes contempt for George II, making of it a parodic effective thread over the poem. The Horatian Epistle opens with compliments sincerely paid by Horace to Augustus, while the ones claimed in Popes version are to be constructed ironically: the English Patron of Mankind in line 1 had nothing to do with the Horatian Caesar in line 4. The word caesar was not meant just to address Augustus with his second name: it is an important honorific that stands for the recognised authority and greatness of a leader, who could bear alone all the government and social duties, worth following with trust. The contrast between the two Augustuses is here even more highlighted and as the English courtier Lord John Hervey defines it, it is a very material difference [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] For as personal courage was the only quality necessary to form a great prince which the one was suspected to want, so I fear it was the only one the other was ever thought to possess. (p. 261, Memoirs). The game of the parallel ironic and glorific tone plays constantly throughout the poem: such a Wonder of Kings! Like whom, to mortal eyes | None eer has risen, and none eer shall rise (line 29-30) becomes some monster of a King in line 210 and is still contraposed to the indisputable maiestas (line 258) of the Roman Augustus, or his greatness. This political complaint then is strictly connected with and leads the way to the real Epistles social concern. To start with, more than everything, Augustans of both ages were worried about their literary heritage and how they should have dealt with it. People and poets were happy and accostumed to praise primitives such as Shakespeare and Ennius, but a common sense of lacking of art of them was hanging in the air and foreign literature started being attractive after having conquered France in one case and Greece in the other. Horace could still see the sapiens et fortisEnnius (line 50) and his ingenium, the mastery he had demonstrated, as Pope would agree about Shakespeares immortality but another good way of doing literature was emerging and couldnt wait to be noticed. If Time improve our Wit as well as Wine, | Say at what age a Poet grows divine? (Pope, lines 49-50). Poets were scared of how much time might have taken for their works to be valued if people had remained stuck to the past for longer. For that, it was important not to leave the public be the judge in order to make sure the distance between the new and the old, veteros and novos (Horace, lines 37-38), was respected and here the social context starts to shape. When the poets write about the public and their feelings towards it, there is where the two societies begin to clush and be really interactive. On more scientific basis, this connection is interestingly defined as time-space distanciation in The Dictionary of Human Geography, 4th Edition, for which Anthony Giddens, British sociologist, describes the stretching of social systems across time and space. Historically, The nexus of relations political, economic, military in which a society exists with others is usually integral to the very nature of that society[2]: thus to maintain this interaction, which is intrinsic to society itself, so called technically symbolic tokens are implied, as media of exchange which have standard value and thus are interchangeable across a plurality of contexts (Modernity and Self-Identity, 1991). Put in context, these stretching and media of exchange seem fundamental in order to read in parallel Horaces and Popes societies. With the concept of time-space distanciation in mind, its easier to jump flexibly from one time to the other, from Rome to England and follow the thread that society weaves across the lines of the Epistle. Back to the relationship with the public, both poets are trying to warn about the misunderstanding of contemporary literature: Pope assumes an explicit rude and insulting tone while declaring that the public is nothing but a fool (lines 93-94), while on his side, Horace takes a softer and much more diplomatic position by claiming that not always the public sees and interprets things in the right way and its now mistaken in believing that no poetry can match the old school but that in this case Iove iudicat aequo (God judges righteously, line 68). However, the Latin text suggests a different shade of what Horaces consideration of the public was: he addresses the audience as volgus (line 63), which does not only refer to people in general but has to be read with a negative and offensive connotation that is effective on a class-based society, in which the mass was considered inferior and with scorn. The argue about the public goes on in lines 115-118 in Popes imitation: I lose my patience, and I own it too, | When works are censurd, not as bad, but new; | While if our Elders break all Reasons laws, | These fools demand not Pardon, but Applause. Fools that have no taste, a crowd that has no interest in welcoming the novitas, the novelty in literature (line 90, Horace) and still pays honorem et premia (honours and praises, line 78) only to the ancients: Pope was clearly complaining about the audience but at the same time denouncing the ruling power and censorship that was affecting the literary environment. Even the writers profession seemed to be undermined, as for Indocti doctique (educated people and not, line 117) for Horace and those who cannot write, and those who can for Pope, All ryme, and scrawl, and scribble, to a man (lines 187-188). Unskilled writers were emerging and the public was enjoying them with incertos oculos et gaudia vana (line 188, Horace). The choice of the adjective incertos (uncertain) for the eyes (oculos) is interesting, as it doesnt only refer to the dubious taste of the public but also to a sort of inner ignorance that caused confusion and inability to judge, as if the public itself was unskilled. That might simply remark the mistrust and disdain for the audience in Horace but in Pope it assumes again a political connotation, in which the unskilled writer is just taken as a pretext and metaphor to criticise the unprofessional and unskilled George II. The poem is so constantly balanced on the coexistence of political and social context. They create the wire on which the reader keeps his equilibrium within the two Augustan societies, each of them narrated and sung by their poets with similar yet so different connotations; in fact, their opinions about the literary taste converge in all their aspects but their perceptions of the possibility of dealing with power for it, differ. In this divergence lies the key point and crucial concept to change and light up the whole interpretation of the text and of the poets themselves. As previously mentioned, Horace was writing for and of Augustus, whom he could trust and relate to besides his audience: whether the latter failed, the prince was still a solid pillar waiting for his courtiers words. On the other hand, Pope had no one to rely on: the publics senseless and George II taken of any consideration. In this light, the Epistle takes the shape and significance of a social poem in which Horace is the image of that kind of society Pope wishes to live in and write for: Horace becomes the means by which Pope wants to raise his voice and at the same time he makes him part of the society itself. More than a simple report of power misbehaviour hides behind the lines of the Epistle: Pope puts in it his frustration and will, his anger and wish that a society of Horatian type could still be possible and viable and while this anger falls into satiric tones, he constructs on it an entire poem. The ideal of Horace and his actual figure help Pope in bringing his age and society to life and as he states in the Advertisement to The First Satire of the Second Book of Horace Imitated, an answer from Horace was both more full, and of more Dignity, than any I coud have made in my own person. In the last part of the Epistle, the presence of the poets becomes expressively strong. Standing in front of Poetry, Horace keeps his humble tone by declaring once again his scribendi studio (passion for writing, line 108) only aimed at celebrating Augustus maiestas; he would blush, in fact, at a great tribute to him alone, departed from his patron. On his side, Pope sticks to that aggressivity that just conceals insecurity and finally reveals the real parodic biting[3] intention of the Encomium. In the final lines he delineates a self-portrait, adjusting and immerging himself among the Georgian England, society for whom he felt the need to call for Pen and Ink[4]. BIBLIOGRAPHY Pope, Alexander, Imitations of Horace, ed. by John Butt, Methuens English Classics, 1966 Horace, Liber Secundus, Epistula I in Horatii Epistularum in Q. Horatius Flaccus, rec. J.G. Orellius, (Editionem Minorem Sextam post Io. Georgium Baiterum curavit Guilelmus Hirschfelder, Volumen Prius, ed. by Berolini, 1882), p. 400-436 Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia in Internet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustan_poetry LeedsWIKI, Virgil, Horace and Ovid: The Politics behind the Poetry https://wiki.leeds.ac.uk/index.php/Virgil,_Horace_and_Ovid:_The_Politics_behind_the_Poetry The Dictionary of Human Geography, ed. by R.J. Johnston, Derek Gregory, Geraldine Pratt and Micheal Watts, (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 4th Edition, 2000), pp. 837-838 [1] Virgil, Horace and Ovid: The Politics behind the Poetry, LeedsWIKI https://wiki.leeds.ac.uk/index.php/Virgil,_Horace_and_Ovid:_The_Politics_behind_the_Poetry. [2] A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism, 2nd edn (Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, 1995), p. 91. [3] That when I am at praise, they say I bite., line 409. [4] Line 180.

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Victims, Bullies and Bully-Vict

Conceptual Framework Many people have different views on what they think bullying might be. It is often interpreted in different ways by different people. Rigby et al (2002) cited a definition of bullying as ‘an intentional harm where the power is differential between the bully and the victim’ (p.1). This meant that the bullies are likely to suffer from a range of problems than the children who are uninvolved. The researcher’s main assumption is to consider victimisation and bullying separately and secondly to consider victimisation and bullying simultaneously to examine the genetics and environmental influences on the covariation between the two. The paper focuses on three groups of children that are involved in bullying. The three groups are as follows: one being the victim, two being the bullies and third one being the bully victims who are both the bullies and the victims of bullying. According to Egan and Perry, (1998) they believe that the bullies and victims have an increase in emotional and behavioural problems than the children who are not involved in bullying. One of this problem being is low self regard where as Hawker et al (2006) stated the problems are anxiety and depression where as Schwartz (2000) stated that the bullying victims are more depressed and anxious and have higher rates of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and are more likely to be referred for psychiatric care and also are more likely to be rejected by a school (Kempulainen et al 1998) compared to the children who are uninvolved in bullying, the victims or bullies. Hawker and Egan et al both have similar views as they both sta ted that the bullying victims are depressed and anxious. Various studies have been car... ...ousehold income. Overall it has been proved that bullying was influenced by genetic factors and to a small extent by non shared environmental factors. Patterson et al (1992) suggested that socialisation via parenting and peers (Harris, 1998) contribute to share and non-shared environmental influences on aggressive behaviour. The correlation between victimisation and bullying indicated that fewer children are the bully-victims while more are ‘pure’ victims or ‘pure’ bullies. This confirms earlier research that has been carried out has found a similar correlation between victimisation and aggression (Hodges and Perry, (1999); Crick and Bigbee, (1998). The correlation was seen as high in girls as in boys between the victimisation and bullying. This concludes that the chances of being a bully given to that one victim are just as high for girls as for boys.

Sue Rodriguez

Sue Rodriguez- Assisted Suicide By: Monique Sue Rodriguez, once a woman who was lively and healthy women much like the rest of us was given the horrible news that she had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in early 1991 changing her life tremendously. Little did she know her fight for equality of life would create a milestone in Canadian Law. Sue Rodriguez fought long and hard to demand the right to assisted suicide, which at the time was illegal under the Criminal Code of Canada, being a punishable act for up to a maximum sentence of 14 years in prison. Ms.Rodriguez argued that Section 241 (b) of the Criminal Code (which prohibits assisted suicide) violated her constitutional right to life, liberty and security of the person under S. 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Unfortunately both the British Columbia Supreme Court and the British Columbia Court of Appeal dismissed her application. Sue Rodriguez at her final attempt of trying to grant herself the right to assisted su icide appealed to the Supreme Court of Canada, the verdict resulting in a five to four decision with the Supreme Court of Canada dismissing her appeal.In 1994, Ms. Rodriguez decided to take matters into her own hands, with the help of an anonymous physician Sue Rodriguez ended her life. Assisted Suicide is something I will never be able to give an honest opinion about, unless you personally have had a loved with a terminal illness asking for assisted suicide I don’t think anyone can voice if this practice is fair or not. Any case dealing with a terminally ill victim grasps compassion from people looking at the case, so I think no matter what most people put pity on Sue Rodriguez and jump to her side. Ms.Rodriguez under the Charter Section 7 deserves to be entitled to: ‘Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of the person and the right not to be deprived thereof except in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice. ’ This statement from th e Charter of Rights in this particular section is open to diverse interpretation, so in Sue’s case she views her ‘right to life’ as the right to end it in any given time if it is under her wish. I too believe that although suicide is illegal and punishable act under these circumstances (terminally ill patient) the right to choosing when to end our life should be granted. I do not believe that the correct verdict was rendered in this case. Although I can see where the Court is coming from, striking down the Criminal Code must involve something that is detrimental however when someone is undergoing tremendous amounts of pain I think that they should be given the right to Choose how they die. If an individual's quality of life is terrible, they should have the right to stop suffering. The Supreme Court may have dismissed Sue Rodrgiuez’s appeal; however the fight for euthanasia is far from over, there will be hundreds of thousands of cases similar to the Rodri guez case.In a few years the Court will see that this isn’t a matter that should be taken lightly, the laws must be changed to allow individuals the right to euthanasia /assisted suicide. Everyone and anyone should be entitled to die in dignity, although people like Ms. Rodriguez had to undergo assisted suicide behind closed doors I hope that someday people that are terminally ill will be able to walk into a clinic and choose to end their life if they feel so. I think this practice is legal in some countries in the world, but not in Canada because Canada is a country that embodies all aspects of law we are liberal, republican and conservative.The legal rights set out in the charter are there to protect you, and to ensure that justice is served in a just and fair manner, as we know Canada is a place all about making sure the law is served in a just manner so by letting people break the law stating suicide is a punishable act would go against the Criminal Code of Canada. Canada takes pride in the fact that we try to make laws as humane as possible, however there is just no way in ensuring that every citizen in Canada is pleased with all the laws.To reduce controversy amongst our country we have made assisted suicide an illegal act; however some countries have made the act legal under their borders. Countries like Belgium and the Netherlands have a more liberal aspect to them, so euthanasia and assisted suicide are legal. The main risk involved in legalizing assisted suicide is the uproar that would come from the public, if we think changing a law regarding a speed on a highway is going to cause chaos think about the affect a law enabling killing terminally ill victims would create.Like I said before, Canada prides itself in the fact that are accommodating and try to fit the needs of every Canadian citizen so by allowing assisted suicide and euthanasia we would be upsetting a lot of individual’s that view this practice in a negative way. Another con that would result from legalizing assisted suicide would be that people would take advantage of the practice, people with depression and other mental illnesses may feel that they have the right to undergo this practice. This should not be allowed to be a factor in a human's choice to die seeing as they are fully.Legalizing assisted suicide would be the start of a slippery slope that would lead to anyone, whatever their condition, being helped into opting for death. There is a fine line when differentiating between euthanasia and assisted suicide; both relieve a terminally ill victim of their pain and suffering however the only difference being the way the act is performed. Euthanasia is the deliberate act undertaken by one person with the intention of ending the life of another person in order to relieve that person’s suffering.Assisted suicide on the other hand is when the victim completes the act themselves with the help of a doctor or other individual. I believe that both euthanasia and assisted suicide should be legalized in Canada. We have made so many advances in Canadian law; it is long overdue for these legal issues to be allowed. Your body is your body and I feel that you may do whatever you want with it, especially under the circumstances where a person is under a vast amount of pain. A doctor or the government shouldn’t be the judge of whether you are allowed to end your suffering or not.What Jack Kevorkian did was something that will go down in Canadian Law history, it is amazing knowing that there are still people in this world that will look past societal norms and do the noble thing. We are given the right to work, have a family and choose our religion however when it comes to something as personal as our lives we aren’t given the decision. Above we looked at legalizing these issues for an emotional sense however there are economic reasons why euthanasia and assisted suicide should be legalized.These two issues should be le galized because all of the money being spent on trying to cure the patient could be going to use for something else. All of the money that is being spent trying to find a treatment for the patient and all of the medicine and machines being used to keep them alive could be being put to use for something else. Everyone should be entitled to quality of life, and if they are not enjoying the life they are in they should make the final decision of whether to end it or not. The kind of quality of life is defined by the patient, not the doctor or government.